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1.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(4): 3067-3082, Oct.-Dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886832

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Pollen morphology characterization is important in taxonomy, conservation and plant breeding, and pollen viability studies can support breeding programs. This study investigated pollen morphology and male fertility in 18 species of Bromeliaceae with ornamental potential. For morphological characterization, pollen grains were acetolyzed and characterization of exine was done using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen viability was investigated by in vitro germination and histochemical tests. Species belonging to Aechmea and Ananas genera presented medium size pollen, except for Ae. fasciata, with large pollen. Al. nahoumii, P. sagenarius and the Vriesea species analyzed showed large pollen, except for V. carinata, with very large pollen. Pollen of Aechmea, Ananas and P. sagenarius presented bilateral symmetry, diporate, exine varying from tectate to semitectate. Al. nahoumii and Vriesea species presented pollen with bilateral symmetry, monocolpate; exine was semitectate, reticulate and heterobrochate. Germination percentage and tube growth were greater in SM and BKM media. Histochemical tests showed pollen viability above 70% for all species, except for Ananas sp. (40%). Pollen morphology is important for the identification of species, especially in this family, which contains a large number of species. High rates of viability favor fertilization and seed production, essential for efficient hybrid production and conservation.


Subject(s)
Pollen/physiology , Bromeliaceae/physiology , Pollen/growth & development , Pollen/ultrastructure , Immunohistochemistry , Microscopy, Electron , Bromeliaceae/classification , Bromeliaceae/ultrastructure
2.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(2): 1085-1093, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886717

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT It is not unusual to find epiphytic bromeliads in mangroves, but most studies on mangrove vegetation do not record their presence. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity and distribution of epiphytic bromeliads in a subtropical mangrove. The richness, abundance and life form (atmospheric and tank) of bromeliads were recorded and compared among host tree species and waterline proximity. The effects of diameter and height of host trees on the abundance of bromeliads were also assessed. The mangrove was composed of Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle. We recorded seven bromeliad species of the genera Tillandsia and Vriesea. The waterline proximity did not affect the abundance or diversity of bromeliads, but atmospheric forms were predominant near the waterline, whereas tank bromeliads were more frequent in the interior of the mangrove. The three mangrove species hosted bromeliads, but L. racemosa was the preferred host. The species composition showed that the distribution of bromeliads is more related to the host species than to the distance from the waterline. Bromeliad abundance increased with tree size. Bromeliads can be biological indicators of ecosystem health; therefore, inventories and host tree preferences are necessary knowledge for an adequate management of sensitive ecosystems as mangroves.


Subject(s)
Bromeliaceae/classification , Wetlands , Brazil , Regression Analysis , Analysis of Variance , Climate , Avicennia , Biodiversity
3.
Braz. j. biol ; 74(2): 311-314, 5/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719233

ABSTRACT

In this study we tested for density-dependent relationships between visitation rates of the Scale-throated Hermit (Phaethornis eurynome) and the plant density and flower number of the bromeliad Vriesea incurvata, by comparing plots with varying densities of this bromeliad. Eight 100 m2 plots were established at least 200 m from each other; four plots contained 10-15 individuals of V. incurvata each, whereas the other four contained 4-5 individuals each. The visitors, number of visits, behaviour (nectar thief or potential pollinator) and the height of foraging were recorded during focal observations on the plants. The number of visits of P. eurynome varied according to the local density of V. incurvata, showing that the heterogeneous distribution of this bromeliad species may promote adjustments in the pollinator populations, through resource variation at a local scale.


Neste estudo foram testadas as relações entre taxas de visitação de Phaethornis eurynome e a densidade e o número de flores de Vriesea incurvata, comparando-se parcelas com diferentes densidades desta bromélia. Oito parcelas de 100 m2 foram estabelecidas a pelo menos 200 m uma da outra; quatro parcelas continham de 10 a 15 indivíduos de V. incurvata cada, enquanto as outras quatro continham de 4 a 5 indivíduos cada. Os visitantes, o número de visitas, o comportamento (pilhador ou potencial polinizador) e altura de forrageamento foram registrados em observações focais das plantas. O número de visitas por P. eurynome variou conforme a densidade de V. incurvata na área, demonstrando que a distribuição heterogênea desta bromélia pode promover ajustes populacionais por parte dos polinizadores, através da variação da oferta de recursos em uma escala local.


Subject(s)
Animals , Birds/physiology , Bromeliaceae/growth & development , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Pollination , Birds/classification , Bromeliaceae/classification , Flowers , Plant Nectar , Population Density , Seasons
4.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(1): 127-134, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-703733

ABSTRACT

Na medicina natural pouco se sabe sobre a importância curativa da maior parte das espécies pertencentes à Bromeliaceae. Tal fato evidencia a necessidade da realização de investigações para a comprovação de possíveis potenciais fitoterápicos em espécies dessa família. Guzmania lingulata é caracterizada como sendo uma das espécies de bromélia mais comercializada e conhecida popularmente, a qual é amplamente propagada no Brasil. O presente trabalho objetivou a caracterização anatômica e a identificação de classes de metabólitos secundários presentes em G. lingulata, por meio de análises anatômicas, histoquímicas e químicas. As folhas foram fixadas em FAA 50 e transferidas para etanol 50%. Para o estudo anatômico, secções transversais da porção mediana das lâminas foliares foram obtidas à mão livre e submetidas ao processo de dupla coloração com safranina e azul de astra, sendo, logo após, montadas em gelatina glicerinada. Para a triagem das classes de metabólitos secundários foram coletadas 10 folhas frescas que passaram pelo processo de maceração em solução hidroalcoólica 70% por sete dias, à temperatura ambiente. O filtrado resultante da filtração a vácuo foi evaporado sob vácuo a temperatura de 50ºC até a remoção total do etanol, sendo obtido desta forma o extrato bruto hidroalcoólico a frio (EBHF). Os resultados das secções histológicas permitiram a caracterização anatômico-foliar baseada na qualidade das secções manuais obtidas. Os testes em relação às classes de metabólitos secundários revelaram a presença de antocianinas e taninos e ausência de flavonóides e saponinas. Esses resultados estimulam a realização de estudos mais aprofundados para identificar e quantificar os compostos dessas e de outras classes de metabólitos.


In natural medicine, little is known about the healing importance of most of the species belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. Such a fact points tothe need to perform investigations toprovethe possible phytotherapic potentials in species of the family. Guzmania lingulata is characterized as one of the most popular well-known and commercialized species of bromeliads, being widely spread in Brazil. This work aimed at the anatomic characterization and identification of classes of the secondary metabolites present in G. lingulata, by anatomic, histochemical and chemical analysis of the leaves. The leaves were fixed in FAA 50 and, afterwards, transferred to 50% ethanol. For the anatomic study, transverse sections of the middleproportion of the leafblades were obtained by hand and exposed to the process of double coloration with safranin and astra blue, being, right after that, mounted on glycerin jelly. For the sorting of the classes of secondary metabolites, 10 fresh leaves were collected and then put through the maceration process in 70% hydroalcoholic solution for 7 days, at room temperature. The resulting filtered solution from the vacuum filtration was evaporated under vacuum at 40ºC until the complete removal of the ethanol, obtaining, this way, the cold crude hydroalcoholic extract (EBHF). The results ofhistological sectionsallowed the anatomical characterization based onthe quality ofthe manual sectionsobtained. The testsin relationto the classes of secondary metabolitesrevealed the presence ofanthocyanins andtannins andabsence of flavonoids and saponins. These results encourage the completionoffurther studies to identify and quantify the compounds of these and other classes of metabolites.


Subject(s)
Bromeliaceae/classification , Tannins/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Dehydration , Anthocyanins/pharmacology
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 72(2): 229-233, May 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-639430

ABSTRACT

The association of anurans to bromeliads presents different degrees of interaction such as: eventual, obligatory and bromeligen. The frog species Scinax argyreornatus shows a regular association with these plants. The goal of this study is to characterise the degree of association between the frog S. argyreornatus to different species of bromeliads. We identified which species of bromeliad is regularly associated with S. argyreornatus and recognised which factors interfere with this association preference. We analysed the Concentration of Relative Dominance of frogs per bromeliad species. As possible criteria for frog association preference to different bromeliads species we established the analysis of leaves number, length and width, number of leaf axils, stored water in the axils, pH and relative humidity, among other organographic components. Our observations were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. We also evaluated the preference for association by the constancy of Bodenheimer. The correlation matrix indicated that the relative humidity is the factor responsible for the frog-bromeliads association, except for Aechmea sp.. However Aechmea sp. was the species with greater constancy of occupation followed by Quesnelia arvensis and Neoregelia johannis. According to our statistical results, Aechmea sp. and Q. arvensis are not different regarding organographic parameters, but differ from N. johannis. Our observations suggest that the bromeliads organographic structure and the relative humidity are key conditions which influence the preferences of S. argyreornatus to bromeliad species, while the other features showed no correlation.


A associação dos anuros às bromeliáceas pode apresentar diferentes graus de interação, como: bromelículas eventuais, bromelículas obrigatórios e bromelígenas. Scinax argyreornatus apresenta uma associação frequente a essas plantas. Propõe-se, neste estudo, qualificar esse grau de associação, buscando identificar qual espécie de bromélia é mais ocupada, reconhecendo os fatores que interferem nessa escolha de ocupação. Analisou-se a Concentração de Dominância Relativa dos anuros por espécie de bromélia, sendo considerados como prováveis critérios de escolha: número, largura e comprimento das folhas, número de axilas foliares, volume de água acumulado, pH e umidade relativa, entre outros componentes organográficos, que foram submetidos à ANOVA e, sempre que observadas diferenças significativas, ao teste de Tukey. Avaliou-se também a escolha de ocupação pela constância de Bodenheimer. A matriz de correlação apontou a UR% como o fator responsável pela ocorrência do animal nas bromélias, exceto para Aechmea sp.; entretanto, esta foi a planta com maior Constância de ocupação, seguida por Quesnelia arvensis e Neoregelia johannis. Segundo a ANOVA, Aechmea sp. e Q. arvensis não apresentam diferenças entre si do ponto de vista organográfico, mas diferem de N. johannis. Foi possível inferir que a estrutura organográfica da planta e a UR% são as condições que interferem na escolha de ocupação das bromélias por S. argyreornatus, enquanto as outras características não demonstraram nenhuma correlação.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anura/physiology , Bromeliaceae/classification , Choice Behavior/physiology , Ecosystem , Bromeliaceae/anatomy & histology , Population Density
6.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 14(3): 506-513, 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-658132

ABSTRACT

Entre as várias espécies que têm sido utilizadas como fontes de subprodutos florestais estão a Bromelia antiacantha, espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica com grande potencial de uso com características alimentícias, ornamentais, industriais e farmacológicas. Os frutos da espécie são utilizados tradicionalmente no Planalto Norte Catarinense na confecção de xaropes para tratamento de males das vias respiratórias. Neste contexto, objetivou-se quantificar a produção de frutos e fundamentar estratégias para possível manejo de populações naturais de B. antiacantha. Foram acompanhadas 39 infrutescências de Janeiro/2008 a Agosto/2008 distribuídas em área de mata secundária na FLONA de Três Barras, SC. Nesta mesma área, indivíduos da espécie foram acompanhados através de estudos demográficos de 2001 a 2008. As infrutescências apresentaram em média 0,68m de comprimento, número médio de 187 frutos/infrutescência, o diâmetro médio dos frutos foi de 1,9 cm e o peso médio das infrutescências de 3,6 kg. A média de frutos aproveitáveis foi de 157 frutos/infrutescência totalizando 2,5 kg. A safra estimada para 2005 foi de 146 kg de frutos ha-1 e 80 kg de frutos ha-1 para 2008, e a renda líquida a partir da produção de xarope foi estimada em R$ 1168,00 por hectare, por ano. Os resultados mostraram que o manejo de B. antiacantha consiste em atividade economicamente interessante e que esta possibilidade, além de complementar a renda de comunidades locais onde a espécie se faz presente, também amplia o valor das áreas com cobertura florestal.


Among the large number of species that have been used as sources of forest byproducts is Bromelia antiacantha, a species native to the Atlantic Forest and that has great potential of use with nourishing, ornamental, industrial and pharmacological characteristics. The fruits of this species are traditionally used in the Northern Plateau of Santa Catarina State, Brazil, in the preparation of syrup for the treatment of respiratory disorders. In this context, the aim of this study was to quantify the production of fruits and to find strategies for the possible management of natural populations of B. antiacantha. A total of 39 inflorescences were observed from January/2008 to August/2008 distributed in a secondary forest area at FLONA (National Forest), Três Barras, Santa Catarina State. In this same area, B. antiacantha individuals were accompanied by demographic studies from 2001 to 2008. The inflorescences presented on average 0.68 m of length, mean number of 187 fruits/inflorescence, mean diameter of fruits of 1.9 cm and mean weight of inflorescences of 3.6 kg. The mean number of usable fruits was 157 fruits/inflorescence and the mean weight of these fruits was 2.5 Kg. The estimated harvest for 2005 was 146 Kg of fruits ha-1 and for 2008, 80 kg of fruits ha-1, and the net income from the syrup production could reach R$ 1168.00 per hectare per year. The results showed that the management of B. antiacantha consists in an economically interesting activity and that this possibility complements the income of local communities where the species occurs, besides increasing the value of forest areas.


Subject(s)
Bromeliaceae/classification , Fruit/growth & development , Plants, Medicinal
7.
Biol. Res ; 43(4): 459-465, 2010. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-582861

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the antiulcer activity of an ethanolic extract of Encholirium spectabile (ES-EtOH) by using different standard experimental models of induced acute gastric ulceration. ES-EtOH (100 mg/kg p.o) protected the gastric mucosa against ulceration that was induced by absolute ethanol (53 percent), ethanol/HCl (75 percent), ibuprofen (52 percent) and ischemia/reperfusion (43 percent). It also restored catalase activity and non-protein sulfhydryl group concentration in the gastric wall of mice that had been treated with ethanol. The pre-treatment of mice with N-nitro-L-arginine (70 mg/kg i.p.) abolished the protective activity of ES-EtOH, which indicates that prostaglandins, antioxidant compounds and nitric oxide synthase activity are involved in the gastroprotective activity of the extract.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Bromeliaceae/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Bromeliaceae/classification , Disease Models, Animal , Ethanol/adverse effects , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Indomethacin/adverse effects , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Ulcer/chemically induced
8.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(2): 213-219, Apr.-June 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-529223

ABSTRACT

A Ilha Grande, localizada no sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, vem se destacando como importante área para fins conservacionistas, especialmente por ser um fragmento representativo de Floresta Atlântica e por apresentar um elevado número de estudos sobre a flora e a fauna local. Este estudo visa analisar o atual status do conhecimento sobre a família Bromeliaceae nesta localidade e analisar o incremento da lista de espécies desta família ao longo do tempo de estudo e do esforço amostral. Foram registradas 58 espécies de Bromeliaceae para a Ilha Grande, das quais 47 foram amostradas apenas com a metodologia empregada neste estudo e constituem registros novos para a Ilha Grande.


Ilha Grande, located at the Southern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, is constantly punctuated as an important area for conservational purposes, specially because it is a representative fragment of Atlantic forest and presents a high number of studies about the local fauna and flora. The aim of this study is to analyze the current knowledge of Bromeliaceae family at this island, and understand how the increase of the family's species list occurred through out the amount of time and sampling effort of this study. A total of 58 species of Bromeliaceae were listed for Ilha Grande, and 47 of them were sampled using only the methodology adopted at this study and, therefore, constitute new records for Ilha Grande.


Subject(s)
Bromeliaceae/classification , Bromeliaceae/growth & development , Classification , Fauna , Flora , Ecosystem/analysis , Ecosystem/classification
9.
Braz. j. biol ; 68(2): 251-257, May 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486749

ABSTRACT

We studied some ecological parameters such as richness, abundance, density, biomass and variation in species composition in four vegetation zones and in a zone with anthropic disturbance in the Massambaba Restinga in Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro State. We sampled 100 plots of 100 m² (10 x 10 m) recording the bromeliad species and their abundance. We found a total of seven bromeliad species, with Vriesea neoglutinosa (5647 ramets) and Tillandsia stricta (1277 ramets) being the most abundant. The vegetation zone called Clusia shrubs had the highest richness (S = 5) and density (6360 ramets.ha-1) of bromeliads. The differences found in abundance and variation in species composition among vegetation zones seems to be related to the vegetation structure of each zone.


Estudamos a riqueza, a abundância, a densidade, a biomassa e a variação na composição de espécies de bromélias em quatro zonas de vegetação e em uma área com distúrbio antrópico da restinga de Massambaba, Arraial do Cabo, RJ. Estes parâmetros foram avaliados através do registro das espécies e de suas abundâncias em 100 parcelas, proporcionalmente distribuídas entre as zonas. Encontramos sete espécies de bromélias, sendo Vriesea neoglutinosa e Tillandsia stricta as mais abundantes. A arbustiva aberta de Clusia foi a zona de vegetação com maior riqueza (S = 5) e abundância total (6360 rosetas) de bromélias. As diferenças encontradas na composição e na abundância de espécies de bromélias entre as zonas parecem estar relacionadas com a estrutura da vegetação de cada zona.


Subject(s)
Bromeliaceae/classification , Biomass , Brazil , Population Density , Population Dynamics
10.
Rev. Salusvita (Online) ; 26(2): 7-21, 2007. ilus, mapas, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-559717

ABSTRACT

Epífitas são plantas que se desenvolvem sobre outras plantas sem parasitá-las. Pouco se conhece sobre este grupo de plantas na região, tornando-se importantes estudos deste caráter. Desta forma o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a composição florística do componente epifítico vascular das formações florestais ocorrentes no local. A área alvo do estudo situa-se na Fazenda Noiva da Colina, Município de Borebi, Estado de São Paulo. O local estudado com aproximadamente 120.000m², possui Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Mata de Galeria e Floresta Latifoliada Higrófila. Foram identificadas 27 espécies, pertencentes a 18 gêneros e 8 famílias, sendo que as famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram Bromeliaceae e Orchidaceae, juntas representando pouco mais da metade dos taxa encontrados. Tillandsia com cinco espécies foi o gênero mais abundante e relativo à categoria ecológica, as holoepífitas características foram as mais representadas na sinúsia estudada.


Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants without sponging them. Little her on this group of plants knows in the Area, becoming important studies of this character. This way the objective of that work was to characterize the composition florístic of the component vascular epiphyte of the formations forest ocorrents in the place. The area white of the study locates in Finance it Becomes engaged of the Hill, Municipal district of Borebi, State of São Paulo. The place studied with approximately 120.000m², it possesses Seasonal Forest Semidecidual, Forest of Gallery and Floresta Latifoliada Higrófila. They were identified 27 species, belonging to 18 goods and 8 families, and the families with larger wealth of species were Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae, committees representing little more of the half of the rate found. Tillandsia with 5 species was the most abundant and relative gender the ecological category, the characteristic holoephytes were the more represented in the studied sinúsia.


Subject(s)
Plants/classification , Trees , Bromeliaceae/classification , Orchidaceae/classification , Tillandsia
11.
Rev. biol. trop ; 54(3): 935-942, sept. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-492297

ABSTRACT

A 3,000 m2 area of seasonally inundated forest on the island of Ilha do Mel (25 degrees 30[quot ] S 48 degrees 23[quot ] W) in Paraná, Brazil, was sampled by collecting plants from all strata, using climbing equipment when necessary. The area harbors 103 species of epiphytes, in 49 genera and 20 families, of which 28 species are pteridophytes and 75 magnoliophytes (64 Liliopsida, 11 Magnoliopsida). The most common families are Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Polypodiaceae and Araceae, and frequent genera are Vriesea, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Pleurothallis and Prosthechea. Eight families were represented by one species each. Most species were classified as obligatory holoepiphytes (62 %), followed by the relatively more rare preferential holoepiphytes (13 %), facultative epiphytes (11 %), hemiepiphytes (9 %) and accidental epiphytes (6 %).


Se muestreó plantas de todos los estratos en una área de 3 000 m2 de selva estacionalmente inundada en Ilha do Mel (25º30 “S 48º23’ W), Paraná, Brazil. El área tiene 103 especies de epífitas en 49 géneros y 20 familias, de las cuales 28 especies son pteridófitas y 75 magnoliófitas (64 Liliopsida, 11 Magnoliopsida). Las familias más comunes son Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Polypodiaceae y Araceae, y los géneros más frecuentes Vriesea, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Encyclia y Pleurothallis. Ocho familias solamente están representadas por una especie cada una. La mayoría de las especies son loepífitas obligadas (62 %), seguidas de las relativamente escasas holoepífitas preferenciales (13 %), epífitas facultativas (11 %), hemiepífitas (9 %) y epífitas accidentales (6 %).


Subject(s)
Magnoliopsida/classification , Symbiosis , Araceae/classification , Brazil , Bromeliaceae/classification , Orchidaceae/classification , Polypodiaceae/classification , Seasons
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